The Power System Dynamics 1 course is a subset of the Power System Dynamics course and typically includes the following learning activities. Maximum CEH awarded are 6.5 Standards, 21 Operating Topics, 4 Simulation and 8 EOP, but actual CEH depend upon classroom hours.
Power System Dynamics - Fundamentals Review
Learning Objective:
The participant will be guided through a review of fundamental power system concepts to ensure all the fundamentals are understood in a consistent manner. This activity will serve as a prerequisite to more advanced and specific activities in a multi-day power system dynamics course.
Learning Activity Content:
- Review of basic concepts of current, voltage, frequency, capacitance, inductance and phase angle
- Description of synchronous generator operation including electromagnetic induction, torque angle, 3 phase, speed of rotation and an introduction to governor & excitation systems
- Description of concept of synchronizing with respect to a generator and with respect to islands
- Review of North American power system components including the major interconnections, role of NERC, role of BAs and role of RCs
Power System Dynamics - Active and Reactive Power
Learning Objectives:
Participants will:
1. Be able to describe and demonstrate the influence of the variables that drive MW & Mvar flow
2. Explain the construction and operation of a PST
3. Utilize a power-angle curve to illustrate the relationship between MW flow and phase angle
4. Utilize a power-circle diagram to illustrate how MW & Mvar vary with phase angle
5. Demonstrate the use of PTDFs for managing transmission system congestion
Learning Activity Content:
- Phase angle between voltage and current
- Voltage phase angle relation to MW flow
- Generator torque angle
- PI model of a transmission line
- Develop MW flow equation and illustrate usage
- Develop Mvar flow equation and illustrate usage
- Theory and operation of a PST
- Theory and use of a power-angle curve
- Theory and use of a power-circle diagram
- Describe and demonstrate the use of distribution factors
- The concept of an operating security limit
Power System Dynamics - Frequency Control
Learning Objectives:
1. Explain the relationship between generation, load and frequency
2. Describe the operation of a governor control system
3. Describe the operation of an AGC system and the role of the Balancing Authority
4. Examine NERC's CPS1, CPS2 and DCS performance standards
5. Identify the power system equipment most impacted by frequency deviations and explain the purpose of UFLS schemes
6. Analyze actual North American frequency disturbance data
7. Illustrate a frequency deviation using a four step process
Learning Activity Content:
- The energy balance concept
- Normal versus abnormal frequency deviations
- The load-frequency relationship
- The role of inertia
- Operation of a governor droop concept
- The role of a Balancing Authority
- Components of an AGC system
- Operation of an AGC system
- Purpose and application of CPS1
- Purpose and application of CPS2
- Purpose and application of DCS
- Steam-turbine abnormal frequency limits
- Purpose and application of UFLS
- Examination of actual frequency disturbance plots
- Four stage response to a generator trip including: 1. Electromagnetic stage; 2. Inertial stage; 3. Governor stage; 4. AGC stage
Power System Dynamics - Voltage Control
Learning Objectives:
1. Use graphical means to separate the MVA into its MW & Mvar components
2. Determine that Mvar loss is more substantial than MW loss
3. Explain the concept of SIL
4. Describe and illustrate the Ferranti Rise effect
5. Describe and illustrate harmonic related abnormal voltage problems
6. Explain the purpose and demonstrate the usage of voltage control equipment
Learning Activity Content:
- MVA separation into MW & Mvar
- Value of a shunt capacitor
- Concept of leading & lagging
- Mvar versus MW loss
- Concept of SIL
- Maintaining scheduled voltage
- Maintaining reactive reserve
- Ferranti Rise effect
- Harmonic overvoltages
- Load/voltage effect
- Transformers & reactive power
- Usage of series & shunt capacitors
- Usage of series & shunt reactors
- Generator excitation systems
- Reactive capability curves
- Actual versus theoretical generator Mvar capability
