The Dynamics of Disturbances course includes the following learning activities. Maximum CEH awarded are 10 Standards, 33 Operating Topics, 10 Simulation and 33 EOP, but actual CEH depend upon classroom hours.
Frequency Disturbances
Learning Objective:
Illustrate and describe the frequency control process during disturbance conditions using actual frequency disturbance events in the NERC power systems.
Learning Activity Content:
- Review frequency control theory including: acceptable frequency deviation, load-frequency relationship, concept of intertia, governor operation including droop and deadband (simulator demo), AGC system operation (simulator demo)
- Review concept of CPS1, CPS2 & DCS (simulator demo)
- Review concepts of UFLS & generator UF protection
- Illustrate and describe the ERCOT frequency disturbance of 4/17/2006, concentrating on the failure to maintain adequate reserves
- Step through the major events of this disturbance
Operations Error Disturbances
Learning Objectives:
Participants will:
1. Explain the usage of phase angle measurement systems as a situational awareness tool
2. Develop and demonstrate the usage of simple equations for MW & Mvar flow
3. State the differences in terms of system conditions that occur during fault conditions
4. List and explain the key events that occurred during the 6/14/2004 WECC Westwing disturbance
Learning Activity Content:
- Review the concept of phase angle measurement systems
- Review factors that drive MW & Mvar flow
- Review the concept of a fault and how the power system reacts to faults including the role of protective relaying
- Illustrate and describe the WECC Westwing disturbance 6/14/2004
Stability Disturbances
Learning Objective:
Illustrate and describe the angle stability control process during disturbance conditions using actual angle stability disturbance events in the NERC power systems.
Learning Activity Content:
- Review angle stability theory including: concept of O-O-S, accelerating/decelerating power, use of power-angle curve
- Illustrate the concepts of steady-state stability, transient stability and oscillatory stability using power-angle curves
- Illustrate and describe the Eastern angle stability event of 6/25/1998
- Illustrate and describe the angle instability aspects of the Eastern 8/14/2003 event
Voltage Disturbances
Learning Objectives:
Participants will:
1. Analyze the relationship between reactive power supply and voltage levels
2. Examine the usage of generators as voltage control tools
3. Utilize P-V and V-Q curves to determine voltage collapse related operating limits
4. List and explain the key events that occurred during the 7/2/1996 WECC disturbance
5. List and explain the key events that occurred during the 8/1987 Eastern disturbance
6. List and explain the key events that occurred during the 8/14/2003 Eastern disturbance
Learning Activity Content:
- Review voltage control theory including: MVA separation into MW & Mvar, concept of SIL, voltage schedules, voltage effect on CAP output, load-voltage relationship, series capacitor usage, transformers and voltage
- Review the usage of generators as voltage control tools
- Review voltage stability theory including the usage of the P-V & V-Q curves
- Illustrate and describe the WECC voltage disturbance of 7/2/1996
- Illustrate and describe the Eastern voltage disturbance of 8/1987
- Illustrate and describe the Eastern disturbance of 8/14/2003 from a voltage stability perspective
