The Dynamics of Disturbances course includes the following learning activities. CEH awarded are 10 Standards, 30 Operating Topics, 10 Simulation and 30 EOP.
Frequency Disturbances
Learning Objective:
Illustrate and describe the frequency control process during disturbance conditions using actual frequency disturbance events in the NERC power systems.
Learning Activity Content:
- Review frequency control theory including: acceptable frequency deviation, load-frequency relationship, concept of intertia, governor operation including droop and deadband (simulator demo), AGC system operation (simulator demo)
- Review concept of CPS1, CPS2 & DCS (simulator demo)
- Review concepts of UFLS & generator UF protection
- Illustrate and describe the ERCOT frequency disturbance of 4/17/2006, concentrating on the failure to maintain adequate reserves
- Step through the major events of this disturbance
Operations Error Disturbances
Learning Objectives:
Participants will:
1. Explain the usage of phase angle measurement systems as a situational awareness tool
2. Develop and demonstrate the usage of simple equations for MW & Mvar flow
3. State the differences in terms of system conditions that occur during fault conditions
4. List and explain the key events that occurred during the 6/14/2004 WECC Westwing disturbance
Learning Activity Content:
- Review the concept of phase angle measurement systems
- Review factors that drive MW & Mvar flow
- Review the concept of a fault and how the power system reacts to faults including the role of protective relaying
- Illustrate and describe the WECC Westwing disturbance 6/14/2004
Stability Disturbances
Learning Objective:
Illustrate and describe the angle stability control process during disturbance conditions using actual angle stability disturbance events in the NERC power systems.
Learning Activity Content:
- Review angle stability theory including: concept of O-O-S, accelerating/decelerating power, use of power-angle curve
- Illustrate the concepts of steady-state stability, transient stability and oscillatory stability using power-angle curves
- Illustrate and describe the Eastern angle stability event of 6/25/1998
- Illustrate and describe the angle instability aspects of the Eastern 8/14/2003 event
Voltage Disturbances
Learning Objectives:
Participants will:
1. Analyze the relationship between reactive power supply and voltage levels
2. Examine the usage of generators as voltage control tools
3. Utilize P-V and V-Q curves to determine voltage collapse related operating limits
4. List and explain the key events that occurred during the 7/2/1996 WECC disturbance
5. List and explain the key events that occurred during the 8/1987 Eastern disturbance
6. List and explain the key events that occurred during the 8/14/2003 Eastern disturbance
Learning Activity Content:
- Review voltage control theory including: MVA separation into MW & Mvar, concept of SIL, voltage schedules, voltage effect on CAP output, load-voltage relationship, series capacitor usage, transformers and voltage
- Review the usage of generators as voltage control tools
- Review voltage stability theory including the usage of the P-V & V-Q curves
- Illustrate and describe the WECC voltage disturbance of 7/2/1996
- Illustrate and describe the Eastern voltage disturbance of 8/1987
- Illustrate and describe the Eastern disturbance of 8/14/2003 from a voltage stability perspective
