dynamics of disturbances description


The Dynamics of Disturbances course includes the following learning activities. CEH awarded are 13 Standards, 34 Operating Topics and 34 EOP.

 

 

ILA #1
Using actual frequency related disturbance events, describe & illustrate how the frequency control process is accomplished in the NERC power systems

  1. Review the theory of frequency control including a description of the load frequency relationship, an explanation of the role of inertia, a description of governor operation, a description of the usage of the constant frequency, constant interchange & tie-line bias modes of AGC, a description of the types of operating reserves, a description of CPS1 & CPS2, a description of the DCS, a description of the purpose, design & operation of a UFLS program, review the frequency control content of the BAL series of Standards, review the frequency disturbance related content of the EOP series of Standards.
  2. Step through and describe the sequence of events during the 1/06/1992 disturbance event in the PEPCO part in the Eastern Interconnection.  Emphasize the usage of governors during island events, and the importance of coordination between power plants and system operations.
  3. Step through and describe the sequence of events during the 4/17/2006 disturbance event in the ERCOT Interconnection.  Emphasize the importance of accurate operating reserve information, the variable nature of wind generation, and the usage of firm and non-firm load shedding.
  4. Step through and describe the sequence of events during the 2/2/2011 disturbance event in the ERCOT Interconnection.  Emphasize the information contained in EEA 3 filings, the importance of natural gas supplies, and the impact of market operations during disturbance events.
  5. Review & Test

ILA #2
Using actual voltage related disturbance events, describe & illustrate how the voltage control process is accomplished in the NERC power system.

  1. Review the theory of voltage control including an explanation of reactive power, a describtion of the cause & effects of high & low voltage, the difference between manual & dynamic reactive reserve, an explanation of Ferranti voltage rise, an explanation of the load/voltage relationship, an explanation of transformer saturation, the usage of capacitors & reactors, the usage of transformers, the usage of generators, the definition of voltage stability and voltage collapse, a description of the 3 types of voltage collapse, the usage of P-V & V-Q curves, review the voltage disturbance related content of the VAR series of Standards.
  2. Step through and describe the sequence of events during the 7/02/1996 disturbance event in the Western Interconnection.  Emphasize the importance of dynamic reactive reserves, the need for accurate generator capability curves in the study world, and the formation of island boundaries.
  3. Step through and describe the sequence of events during the 8/14/2003 disturbance event in the Eastern Interconnection.  Emphasize the importance of accurate system operator communication, the importance of situational awareness, and the mechanics of an impedance cascade.
  4. Review & Test

ILA #3
Using actual angle stability related disturbance events, describe & illustrate the concepts of angle stability & angle instability.

  1. Review the theory of angle stability including an explanation of the factors that drive MW & Mvar flow, an explanation of the synchronizing process, a description of PST operation, definitions of angle stability & angle instability, a description of how frequency differences lead to angle instability, use of a phasor diagram to illustrate angle instability, a description of steady-state, transient, and oscillatory instability using power angle curves, the usage of braking resistors, fast protection, and fast valving schemes, the usage of OOS blocking & tripping relays, describe the usage of PSS, review the angle stability related content of the EOP series of Standards.
  2. Step through and describe the sequence of events during the 6/25/1998 disturbance event in the MAPP area of the Eastern Interconnection.  Emphasize the importance of recovering rapidly from an IROL violation, the unexpected operation of reclosing relays during disturbance events, and the importance of coordinating OOS tripping and blocking relays.
  3. Review & Test

ILA #4
Examine how field personnel and system operator errors have resulted in or increased the severity of power system disturbances.

  1. Step through and describe the sequence of events during the 6/14/2004 disturbance event in the Arizona part of the Western Interconnection.  Emphasize the consequences of incorrect assumptions of CB position, voltage phase angle growth during extended faults, and exceeding IROLs in disturbance conditions.
  2. Step through and describe the sequence of events during the 2/26/2008 disturbance event in the Florida part of the Eastern Interconnection.  Emphasize the consequences of disabling primary and backup protection, the impact of location related differences in transient frequency, and the impact of frequency oscillations.
  3. Review & Test

 

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